【參考文獻】Dr.史考特的一分鐘健瘦身教室

本書內容皆是根據過去的科學研究來撰寫,為了尊重前人的智慧結晶,並對自己的著作表示負責,我將參考文獻的清單列在以下網址。歡迎有興趣的讀者一起深入鑽研,並提出回饋!

參考文獻一列表




◆Part1 運動減重謎團大破解
【新知】運動減肥的真相,震驚了所有人!


  1. Villareal DT, Chode S, Parimi N, et al. Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(13):1218-1229.
  2. Lockwood CM, Moon JR, Tobkin SE, et al. Minimal nutrition intervention with high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement improves body composition and exercise benefits in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008;5:11.
  3. Church TS, Martin CK, Thompson AM, Earnest CP, Mikus CR, Blair SN. Changes in weight, waist circumference and compensatory responses with different doses of exercise among sedentary, overweight postmenopausal women. PloS one. 2009;4(2):e4515.
  4. Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, et al. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Journal of applied physiology. 2012;113(12):1831-1837.
  5. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical Activity and Public Health. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;39: 1423–1434.
【新知】常常睡不飽嗎?小心你會瘦不了!


  1. Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Boden-Albala B, Heymsfield SB. Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analyses of the NHANES I. Sleep. 2005;28(10):1289-1296.
  2. Hasler G, Buysse DJ, Klaghofer R, et al. The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study. Sleep. 2004;27(4):661-666.
  3. Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep. 1997;20(10):865-870.
  4. Donga E, van Dijk M, van Dijk JG, et al. A single night of partial sleep deprivation induces insulin resistance in multiple metabolic pathways in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2963-2968.
  5. Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet. 1999;354(9188):1435-1439.
  6. Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(11):846-850.
【迷思】局部瘦身是迷思?


  1. Katch FI, Clarksona PM, Krolla W: Effects of Sit up Exercise Training on Adipose Cell Size and Adiposity. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1984, 55(3):242-7.
  2. Ramirez-Campillo R, Andrade DC, Campos-Jara C, Henriquez-Olguin C, Alvarez-Lepin C, Izquierdo M. Regional fat changes induced by localized muscle endurance resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(8):2219-2224.
【迷思】運動完,吃還是不吃?


  1. Jentjens R, Jeukendrup A: Determinants of post-exercise glycogen synthesis during short-term recovery. Sports Med. 2003, 33(2):117–44.
  2. Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ: Nutrient timing revisited: is there a postexercise anabolic window? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013, 10:5.
  3. Berardi JM, Price TB, Noreen EE, Lemon PW. Postexercise muscle glycogen recovery enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Jun 2006;38(6):1106-1113.
  4. Levenhagen DK, Gresham JD, Carlson MG, Maron DJ, Borel MJ, Flakoll PJ. Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. Jun 2001;280(6):E982-993.
【觀念】難以捉摸的基礎代謝率


  1. Acheson KJ, Schutz Y, Bessard T, Anantharaman K, Flatt JP, Jequier E. Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48(2):240-247.
【觀念】用運動逆轉肥胖宿命(而且頭好壯壯!)


1.     Rottensteiner M, Leskinen T, Niskanen E, et al. Physical activity, fitness, glucose homeostasis, and brain morphology in twins. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Mar 2015;47(3):509-518.
◆Part2 飲食決定你的身材
【新知】節食真的不會瘦!

  1. Olsson KE, Saltin B. Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1970;80(1):11-18.
  2. Martin CK, Heilbronn LK, de Jonge L, et al. Effect of calorie restriction on resting metabolic rate and spontaneous physical activity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(12):2964-2973.
  3. Rodin J, Radke-Sharpe N, Rebuffe-Scrive M, Greenwood MR. Weight cycling and fat distribution. Int J Obes. 1990;14(4):303-310.
  4. Brownell KD, Rodin J. Medical, metabolic, and psychological effects of weight cycling. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(12):1325-1330.
【新知】肥胖會不會遺傳?


  1. Bouchard C, Perusse L, Leblanc C, Tremblay A, Theriault G. Inheritance of the amount and distribution of human body fat. Int J Obes. 1988;12(3):205-215.
  2. Perusse L, Leblanc C, Bouchard C. Inter-generation transmission of physical fitness in the Canadian population. Can J Sport Sci. 1988;13(1):8-14.
  3. Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP, et al. The response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(21):1477-1482.
【新知】基因決定你和澱粉的緣分


  1. Perry GH, Dominy NJ, Claw KG, et al. Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. Nat Genet. 2007;39(10):1256-1260.
  2. Mandel AL, Breslin PA. High endogenous salivary amylase activity is associated with improved glycemic homeostasis following starch ingestion in adults. J Nutr. 2012;142(5):853-858.
  3. Leahy JL. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Res. 2005;36(3):197-209.
  4. Falchi M, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Takousis P, et al. Low copy number of the salivary amylase gene predisposes to obesity. Nat Genet. 2014;46(5):492-497.
【迷思】高脂 vs. 低脂,哪個才能又瘦又健康?


  1. Bazzano LA, Hu T, Reynolds K, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):309-318.
【迷思】低脂飲食「不是」防範心血管疾病的最佳策略?


  1. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1279-1290.
【迷思】不吃碳水化合物就會增脂減肌?


  1. Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, et al. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism. 2002;51(7):864-870.
  2. Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, et al. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007;297(9):969-977.
  3. Willi SM, Oexmann MJ, Wright NM, Collop NA, Key LL, Jr. The effects of a high-protein, low-fat, ketogenic diet on adolescents with morbid obesity: body composition, blood chemistries, and sleep abnormalities. Pediatrics. 1998;101(1 Pt 1):61-67.
  4. Volek J, Sharman M, Gomez A, et al. Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2004;1(1):13.
【迷思】少吃澱粉、多吃脂肪,反而變瘦又變壯?


  1. Cahill GF, Jr. Starvation in man. N Engl J Med. 1970;282(12):668-675.
  2. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 30.3, Food Intake and Starvation Induce Metabolic Changes. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22414/
  3. Manninen AH. Very-low-carbohydrate diets and preservation of muscle mass. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006;3:9.
  4. Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, et al. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism. 2002;51(7):864-870.
  5. Taylor HL, Blackburn H, Keys A, Parlin RW, Vasquez C, Puchner T. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. IV. Five-year follow-up of employees of selected U.S. railroad companies. Circulation. 1970;41(4 Suppl):I20-39.
【迷思】晚上進食瘦更多,還改善代謝健康?!


  1. Al-Hourani HM, Atoum MF. Body composition, nutrient intake and physical activity patterns in young women during Ramadan. Singapore Med J. 2007;48(10):906-910.
  2. Keim NL, Van Loan MD, Horn WF, Barbieri TF, Mayclin PL. Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen. J Nutr. 1997;127(1):75-82.
  3. Sofer S, Eliraz A, Kaplan S, et al. Greater weight loss and hormonal changes after 6 months diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(10):2006-2014.
  4. Harvie MN, Pegington M, Mattson MP, et al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomized trial in young overweight women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(5):714-727.
  5. Torres SJ, Nowson CA. Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition. 2007;23(11-12):887-894.
  6. Sjoberg A, Hallberg L, Hoglund D, Hulthen L. Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in The Goteborg Adolescence Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(12):1569-1578.
  7. Baron KG, Reid KJ, Kern AS, Zee PC. Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(7):1374-1381.


【迷思】全脂牛奶反而使人瘦?


  1. Kratz M, Baars T, Guyenet S. The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(1):1-24.
【迷思】為何計算卡路里沒有用?(2)卡路里生而不平等


  1. Smash The Fat Fitness & Fat Loss Boot Camps. Day 21 Of The 21 Day 5,000 Calorie CARB Challenge - Smash The Fat Fitness & Fat Loss Boot Camps. 2013. Available at: http://live.smashthefat.com/5000-calorie-carb-challenge-day-21/. Accessed December 28, 2015.
  2. Smash The Fat Fitness & Fat Loss Boot Camps. Day 21 of The 21 Day 5,000 Calorie Challenge - Smash The Fat Fitness & Fat Loss Boot Camps. 2013. Available at: http://live.smashthefat.com/5000-calorie-challenge-day-21/. Accessed December 28, 2015.
  3. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(21):2074-2081.
【迷思】為何計算卡路里沒有用?(3)熱量消耗的不確定性


  1. Weyer C, Snitker S, Rising R, Bogardus C, Ravussin E. Determinants of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man: effects of body composition, age, sex, ethnicity and glucose tolerance in 916 subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(7):715-722.
  2. Nielsen S, Hensrud DD, Romanski S, Levine JA, Burguera B, Jensen MD. Body composition and resting energy expenditure in humans: role of fat, fat-free mass and extracellular fluid. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(9):1153-1157.
  3. Cunningham JJ. Body composition as a determinant of energy expenditure: a synthetic review and a proposed general prediction equation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54(6):963-969.
  4. Hall C, Figueroa A, Fernhall B, Kanaley JA. Energy expenditure of walking and running: comparison with prediction equations. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2004;36(12):2128-2134.
  5. King NA, Caudwell P, Hopkins M, et al. Metabolic and behavioral compensatory responses to exercise interventions: barriers to weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(6):1373-1383.
  6. Sonneville KR, Gortmaker SL. Total energy intake, adolescent discretionary behaviors and the energy gap. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32 Suppl 6:S19-27.
  7. Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP, et al. The response to exercise with constant energy intake in identical twins. Obesity research. 1994;2(5):400-410.
【迷思】為何計算卡路里沒有用?(4)受內分泌控制的脂肪


  1. Saiki A, Miyashita Y, Wakabayashi M, Kameda N, Shirai K. Reduction of visceral adiposity after operation in a subject with insulinoma. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2004;11(4):209-214.
  2. Henry RR, Gumbiner B, Ditzler T, Wallace P, Lyon R, Glauber HS. Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(1):21-31.
【觀念】多量少餐更能瘦?


  1. Chaix A, Zarrinpar A, Miu P, Panda S. Time-restricted feeding is a preventative and therapeutic intervention against diverse nutritional challenges. Cell Metab. 2014;20(6):991-1005.
【觀念】甜蜜的滋味,苦澀的真相(1)糖是讓我們瘦不下來的兇手?

  1. Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, Welsh J, Blanck HM. Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medscape J Med. 2008;10(7):160.
  2. Ervin RB, Kit BK, Carroll MD, Ogden CL. Consumption of added sugar among U.S. children and adolescents, 2005-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2012(87):1-8.
  3. Welsh JA, Sharma AJ, Grellinger L, Vos MB. Consumption of added sugars is decreasing in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(3):726-734.
【觀念】甜蜜的滋味,苦澀的真相(4)美味的毒藥


  1. Nseir W, Nassar F, Assy N. Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(21):2579-2588.
  2. Choi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;336(7639):309-312.
  3. Fox IH, Kelley WN. Studies on the mechanism of fructose-induced hyperuricemia in man. Metabolism. 1972;21(8):713-721.
  4. Corry DB, Eslami P, Yamamoto K, Nyby MD, Makino H, Tuck ML. Uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and oxidative stress via the vascular renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens. 2008;26(2):269-275.
  5. Madero M, Perez-Pozo SE, Jalal D, Johnson RJ, Sanchez-Lozada LG. Dietary fructose and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011;13(1):29-35.
  6. Teff KL, Elliott SS, Tschop M, et al. Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2963-2972.
  7. Weigle DS, Cummings DE, Newby PD, et al. Roles of leptin and ghrelin in the loss of body weight caused by a low fat, high carbohydrate diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(4):1577-1586.
  8. Tordoff MG, Alleva AM. Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(6):963-969.
  9. Raben A, Vasilaras TH, Moller AC, Astrup A. Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(4):721-729.
  10. Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG. Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(1):20-39.
【觀念】甜蜜的滋味,苦澀的真相(5)穩健減糖不痛苦


  1. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322-1334.
  2. Corkey BE. Banting lecture 2011: hyperinsulinemia: cause or consequence? Diabetes. 2012;61(1):4-13.
  3. Stanhope KL, Bremer AA, Medici V, et al. Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(10):E1596-1605.
  4. James J, Thomas P, Cavan D, Kerr D. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004;328(7450):1237.
  5. Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Chomitz VR, et al. A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1407-1416.
◆Part3 健身教練不告訴你的事
【迷思】運動後會痠痛,鍛鍊才有效?


  1. Flann KL, LaStayo PC, McClain DA, Hazel M, Lindstedt SL. Muscle damage and muscle remodeling: no pain, no gain? J Exp Biol. 2011;214(Pt 4):674-679.
  2. Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports medicine. 2003;33(2):145-164.
【迷思】空腹跑步更能瘦?


  1. Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA, Wilborn CD, Krieger JW, Sonmez GT. Body composition changes associated with fasted versus non-fasted aerobic exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014;11(1):54.
【迷思】努力做仰臥起坐,就能練出6塊肌?


  1. Manchikanti L. Epidemiology of low back pain. Pain Physician. 2000;3(2):167-192.
  2. Axler CT, McGill SM. Low back loads over a variety of abdominal exercises: searching for the safest abdominal challenge. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1997;29(6):804-811.
【迷思】男人就是要「靠腰」?


  1. Mannion AF, Dumas GA, Cooper RG, Espinosa FJ, Faris MW, Stevenson JM. Muscle fibre size and type distribution in thoracic and lumbar regions of erector spinae in healthy subjects without low back pain: normal values and sex differences. J Anat. 1997;190 ( Pt 4):505-513.
  2. Johnson MA, Polgar J, Weightman D, Appleton D. Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study. J Neurol Sci. 1973;18(1):111-129.
【迷思】如何深蹲才是正確姿勢?


  1. Swinton PA, Lloyd R, Keogh JW, Agouris I, Stewart AD. A biomechanical comparison of the traditional squat, powerlifting squat, and box squat. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(7):1805-1816.
  2. Fry AC, Smith JC, Schilling BK. Effect of knee position on hip and knee torques during the barbell squat. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17(4):629-633.
【大標】聽聽你的心(跳),你會更了解身體!


  1. Jeukendrup AE, Hesselink MK, Snyder AC, Kuipers H, Keizer HA. Physiological changes in male competitive cyclists after two weeks of intensified training. International journal of sports medicine. 1992;13(7):534-541.
  2. Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. Heart rate monitoring: applications and limitations. Sports medicine. 2003;33(7):517-538.
  3. Waldeck MR, Lambert MI. Heart rate during sleep: implications for monitoring training status. J Sports Sci Med. 2003;2(4):133-138.
◆Part4 重量訓練才是健身王道
引言


  1. Preethi Srikanthan, Tamara B. Horwich, Chi Hong Tseng. Relation of Muscle Mass and Fat Mass to Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. The American Journal of Cardiology, 2016; 117 (8): 1355 DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.01.033
  2. Leong, Darryl P et al., Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, The Lancet , Volume 386 , Issue 9990 , 266 - 273

【迷思】低強度有氧運動才能有效燃燒脂肪?


  1. Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM, Hansen PA. The regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during and after exercise. Front Biosci. 1998;3:D1011-1027.
  2. Thompson DL, Townsend KM, Boughey R, Patterson K, Bassett DR, Jr. Substrate use during and following moderate- and low-intensity exercise: implications for weight control. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998;78(1):43-49.
  3. Phelain JF, Reinke E, Harris MA, Melby CL. Postexercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in young women resulting from exercise bouts of different intensity. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16(2):140-146.
  4. Saris WH, Schrauwen P. Substrate oxidation differences between high- and low-intensity exercise are compensated over 24 hours in obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(6):759-765.
  5. Tremblay A, Simoneau JA, Bouchard C. Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism. Metabolism. 1994;43(7):814-818.
  6. Okura T, Nakata Y, Tanaka K. Effects of exercise intensity on physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease. Obesity research. 2003;11(9):1131-1139.
【觀念】女孩也該重量訓練(3)持續燃脂不是夢!


  1. Schuenke MD, Mikat RP, McBride JM. Effect of an acute period of resistance exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: implications for body mass management. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;86(5):411-417.
【觀念】女孩也該重量訓練(4)魔鬼身材之外的健康益處


  1. Lohman T, Going S, Pamenter R, et al. Effects of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a randomized prospective study. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(7):1015-1024.
  2. Layne JE, Nelson ME. The effects of progressive resistance training on bone density: a review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1999;31(1):25-30.
  3. Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Muscle mass index as a predictor of longevity in older adults. The American journal of medicine. 2014;127(6):547-553.
  4. Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, et al. High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(10):1729-1736.
  5. Braith RW, Stewart KJ. Resistance exercise training: its role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2006;113(22):2642-2650.
  6. Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572-584.


【觀念】節食減重時,進行重訓與有氧的成效為何?


  1. Bryner RW, Ullrich IH, Sauers J, et al. Effects of resistance vs. aerobic training combined with an 800 calorie liquid diet on lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;18(2):115-121.
【觀念】重訓+有氧=終極健美!


  1. Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, et al. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Journal of applied physiology. 2012;113(12):1831-1837.

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